Evidence
Scientific research
Amos's Earthquake: An Extraordinary Middle East Seismic Event of 750 B.C.
Austin, Steven A., Franz, Gordon W., Frost, Eric G. · International Geology Review 42(7): 657–671 · 2000-07
Claim checkeddoi:10.1080/00206810009465104
Abstract only (via OpenAlex). Full text paywalled and NOT read. Authors are affiliated with creationist/advocacy organizations per secondary reports; their framing is noted, their data claims are evaluated on the evidence.
Austin et al. report earthquake-damaged masonry at six excavated sites stratigraphically confined to the mid-8th century BC (±~30 years), and infer a single regional event in 750 BC of magnitude ≥7.8, likely 8.2.
Bears on “A strong earthquake (or earthquakes) damaged sites in the southern Levant in the middle of the 8th century BC.” Strongly supported
Bears on “The earthquake referred to in Amos 1:1 and Zechariah 14:5 is a mid-8th-century BC earthquake attested by archaeology and paleoseismology.” Historically plausible
Bears on “There was a single regional earthquake of magnitude ~8 (≥7.8) with an epicentre in Lebanon in 750 BC.” Disputed
Intrabasin paleoearthquake and quiescence correlation of the late Holocene Dead Sea
Kagan, Elisa, Stein, Mordechai, Agnon, Amotz, Neumann, Frank · Journal of Geophysical Research 116(B4): B04311 · 2011-04-21
Source accesseddoi:10.1029/2010JB007452
Abstract only (via OpenAlex). The abstract lists intrabasin seismites back to the mid-2nd century BC and does NOT mention mid-8th-century BC seismites; that claim is known here only from a secondary catalog (Williams). Publisher page returned HTTP 403. A published correction exists (doi:10.1029/2011JB008870), content not accessed.
Registered but not used as direct evidence.
Correction to "Intrabasin paleoearthquake and quiescence correlation of the late Holocene Dead Sea"
Kagan, Elisa, Stein, Mordechai, Agnon, Amotz, Neumann, Frank · Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 116(B11) · 2011-11
Metadata verifieddoi:10.1029/2011JB008870
Existence verified via Crossref; content not accessed. Impact on the mid-8th-century seismites is unknown.
Registered but not used as direct evidence.
The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel
Albright, William F. · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 100: 16–22 · 1945-12
Metadata verifieddoi:10.2307/1355182
Article not accessed. Albright dates are taken from Wikipedia articles citing this article.
Registered but not used as direct evidence.
Daniel 3: Extra-Biblical Texts and the Convocation on the Plain of Dura
Shea, William H. · Andrews University Seminary Studies 20.1 (1982): 29–52 · 1982
Metadata verified
Landing page and issue table of contents confirmed (pp. 29–52); the PDF endpoint returned HTTP 403 to automated download and has no abstract. Content NOT read; its argument is not characterised here.
Registered but not used as direct evidence.
Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis
Popović, Mladen, Dhali, Maruf A., Schomaker, Lambert, van der Plicht, Johannes, Rasmussen, Kaare Lund, La Nasa, Jacopo, Degano, Ilaria, Colombini, Maria Perla, Tigchelaar, Eibert · ·
Claim checkeddoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323185
Open-access article read online.
Accepted 2σ calibrated range 230–160 BCE; overlaps the period in which the final part of Daniel was "presumably authored".
Bears on “A manuscript containing Daniel 8–11 (4QDanᶜ, 4Q114) was copied between about 230 and 160 BC.” Independently corroborated
A copy of chs. 8–11 dated 230–160 BCE; the range reaches both before and into the Maccabean period.
Bears on “The book of Daniel was composed in the sixth century BC by Daniel.” Disputed
Tattenai, Governor of "Across the River"
Olmstead, A. T. · ·
Metadata verified
Bibliographic record only (KEIBI, Tübingen). The article itself was not accessible in this session.
Article devoted to "Tattenai, Governor of Across the River" (not read).
Bears on “A Tattenai (Tattannu) governor of Beyond the River (Ebir-nāri) is attested in a Babylonian document of 502 BC.” Historically plausible
Persian Period Jerusalem and Yehud: A Rejoinder
Finkelstein, Israel · ·
Claim checked
Read in full (PDF). Summarises Finkelstein, JSOT 32 (2008) 501–520, which was not read.
No Persian-period city wall has been found; Mazar's tower is Hasmonean; Neh 3 may reflect the Hasmonean First Wall.
Bears on “Archaeology has identified the wall Nehemiah rebuilt around Jerusalem in the mid-5th century.” Disputed
Ca. 2–2.5 ha; no more than a few hundred people.
Bears on “Persian-period Jerusalem was a small settlement confined largely to the City of David.” Historically plausible
Persian Period Finds from Jerusalem: Facts and Interpretations
Lipschits, Oded · ·
Claim checked
Read in full (PDF).
No secure wall; Persian-period construction on the eastern slope may indicate the "missing" wall (De Groot and Ariel).
Bears on “Archaeology has identified the wall Nehemiah rebuilt around Jerusalem in the mid-5th century.” Disputed
Mazar's evidence is "certainly not sufficient" to identify Nehemiah's wall.
Bears on “Archaeology has identified the wall Nehemiah rebuilt around Jerusalem in the mid-5th century.” Disputed
Western Hill entirely abandoned in the Persian period; minimal data for a large city.
Bears on “Persian-period Jerusalem was a small settlement confined largely to the City of David.” Historically plausible
The Western Hill was abandoned in the Persian and early Hellenistic periods; resettled only in the 2nd century BCE.
Bears on “The "Broad Wall" of Neh 3:8 is the wide 8th-century wall excavated in the Jewish Quarter, repaired by Nehemiah's builders.” Disputed